How many cusps does a mandibular 1st molar have?

The mandibular first molar typically has five cusps, which is a distinguishing characteristic of this tooth. Specifically, it generally features two larger buccal cusps—mesiobuccal and distobuccal—and three smaller lingual cusps—mesiolingual, distolingual, and sometimes a smaller fifth cusp referred to as the "cusp of Carabelli" which can be present on the lingual aspect. This arrangement allows for efficient grinding and crushing forces necessary for chewing.

The presence of five cusps is significant in identifying the mandibular first molar in dental anatomy, as the additional cusp provides more surface area for occlusal contact and enhances the functional capabilities of the tooth in processing food. Understanding this typical structure plays an essential role in EFDA training, aiding in procedures such as restorations and extractions, and assessing overall dental health.