Describe the purpose of dental sealants.

Dental sealants serve the important purpose of providing a protective barrier on the chewing surfaces of teeth, particularly molars, which are prone to cavities due to their deep grooves and pits. By applying sealants, dental professionals can effectively seal these grooves, making it much harder for food particles and bacteria to accumulate, which in turn helps to prevent tooth decay.

Sealants are particularly beneficial for children and adolescents, who may not have the same level of oral hygiene practices or might be more susceptible to developing cavities. The material is usually made from a plastic resin that adheres to the tooth structure, creating a smooth surface that is easier to clean.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the function of dental sealants. For instance, whitening teeth involves bleaching agents, which sealants do not contain or provide. Correcting dental alignment is typically addressed through orthodontics, and relieving tooth sensitivity would require different treatments aimed at desensitizing the tooth structure or addressing underlying issues. Therefore, the role of dental sealants is specifically focused on cavity prevention, making the second option the correct choice.